Child Rights

The concept of the child is the language of the child: (born as long as a license), Ibn al-Haytham said: "A man is called a child when he is born from his mother's womb until he reaches the dream." The psychologists and the meeting agreed on the beginning of childhood and differed at the end. Some of them see it starting from the moment of birth until the age of twelve years, while some see them start from birth, and ends in adulthood. While international law defined the child through the Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989 as a person who has not attained the age of 18 years and has not reached the age of majority. [1] [2] The child's right to life and physical integrity is the right to the child's life, And the child may not be killed if he is born deformed or disabled, and his birth may not be expedited for the execution of his mother. International children's organizations have recognized a set of rights to their lives: The right of all children to life. It is the duty of States to care for and grow children by making the utmost effort. Protecting children from all harmful methods of exploitation. Not to be subjected to torture, humiliation, inhuman treatment, life imprisonment or death before the age of 18 years. To treat the child deprived of liberty with respect while preserving his dignity, not to disengage from his family, and to allow him to exchange visits and correspondence, as well as the right to challenge the decision to deprive him of liberty. Access to the highest possible level of health care and treatment of diseases, as well as the reduction of infant and child mortality and the reduction of diseases and malnutrition among children. Children's civil rights for children A set of civil rights recognized by international conventions: non-discrimination between children and the granting of all their rights without distinction based on religion, color, race, sex or wealth. (5) The right to join and form associations and to hold peaceful meetings in accordance with the law and security. [5] Protect the child from interference in his or her private life and correspondence, Or abuse of his reputation and honor. [6] The child's right to harvest And to encourage the media to disseminate the content of the child's literary and cultural benefit, as well as to publish and disseminate children's books. [7] Follow a religion and practice religious rites, as well as the right to change religion. , Abuse, or physical and psychological abuse, and provide the necessary support. [6] Accountability of persons who provide and contribute to the delivery of drugs to children, in addition to preventing children from reaching suspicious areas. [7] Protecting children from acts that pose a threat to their lives, Or cause an obstacle to his / her education. [6] [6] The right of the child to leisure and leisure, and to play games and activities appropriate to his or her age. [6] Immediately after the birth of a child and giving him a name, in addition to his right To obtain citizenship in which they belong to a particular State. [8] To combat the illegal travel of children. [9] Compulsory education must be provided free of charge at least for elementary schools. Protection of the child Child protection from the sexual exploitation of sexual exploitation around the world takes several forms, such as prostitution, which is intended to use a child for sexual acts in return for compensation or a sum of money. Prostitution is widespread as a result of poverty and war, which leads to the exploitation of children, especially girls. This exploitation results in the child being sexually ill, in addition to being frustrated and the possibility of his behavior through violence and crime. Sexual exploitation is also a form of child pornography and sex tourism, for which some countries derive huge wealth as a result of the sexual exploitation of children in tourism. Accordingly, international organizations recommended a set of steps to eradicate this phenomenon: [10] Preventing the coercion of the child to engage in any unlawful sexual activity. Act effectively to eliminate all forms of sexual exploitation and trafficking. Dissemination of educational programs to raise awareness of the harm caused by sexual exploitation. Legislation to prohibit the use of the Internet in child trafficking and prostitution. Protecting children from exploitation at work As a result of the poverty of some families, especially in Asia, Africa, and South America, children are sent to work to improve family income, which harms children healthily and psychologically and prevents them from continuing their education. The international conventions have established a set of legislation to regulate child labor, namely: [11] determining the minimum age for entry into employment, and the ILO has adopted the age of 15 provided that the child has completed compulsory schooling. Do not exceed forty hours per week for children who do not attend school, in order to find time for the child's comfort, play, and psychological and physical growth. Prevent children under 16 from working at night with the aim of getting adequate sleep. The worker's child is entitled to the appropriate wage for the work being done. The wage is the primary goal of the work, so the nature of the work and the wage must be determined through contracts between the child and the employer. The child has the right to rest in the middle of the working day to eat, in addition to the right to rest periods to avoid fatigue resulting from continuous work, and is entitled to weekly rest for at least 24 hours, and annual leave not less than twelve days at least , And eighteen days for hard-working people.